Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Smart Irrigation Water Control in Yola South LGA, Adamawa State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the study:
Efficient water management is vital for agricultural productivity, particularly in regions where water scarcity poses a significant challenge. In Yola South LGA, Adamawa State, traditional irrigation practices often rely on fixed schedules that do not account for real-time environmental conditions, leading to water wastage and suboptimal crop yields. The design and implementation of an IoT-based smart irrigation water control system offers a sustainable solution by integrating sensors, automated valves, and data analytics to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and weather conditions in real time (Ibrahim, 2023). This system continuously collects data and adjusts irrigation schedules dynamically to deliver precise amounts of water to crops as needed (Adeniyi, 2024). By optimizing water distribution, the system not only conserves a critical resource but also enhances crop growth and yields. Real-time data transmission and predictive analytics enable farmers to identify irrigation inefficiencies and adjust practices promptly, thereby reducing operational costs and increasing overall productivity (Udo, 2025). The smart irrigation system supports sustainable agriculture by minimizing water loss, preventing overwatering, and promoting better crop health through precise water management. This technology-driven approach aligns with global trends toward precision agriculture, ensuring that water resources are used efficiently and sustainably.
Statement of the problem:
Farmers in Yola South LGA face significant challenges in managing irrigation due to the reliance on traditional, fixed-schedule systems that do not adapt to real-time environmental changes (Ibrahim, 2023). These methods often lead to either over-irrigation or insufficient watering, resulting in water wastage and reduced crop yields. The absence of continuous soil moisture monitoring and real-time weather data prevents timely adjustments to irrigation practices, leading to inefficient use of water resources and increased operational costs (Adeniyi, 2024). Additionally, the lack of automated control in irrigation systems means that manual intervention is frequently required, which is both labor-intensive and prone to error. This reactive approach to water management contributes to inconsistent crop performance and hinders efforts to achieve sustainable agriculture. Financial limitations and inadequate technological infrastructure further impede the adoption of modern irrigation systems, leaving farmers vulnerable to the impacts of water scarcity and climate variability. Without a smart, data-driven irrigation system, agricultural productivity in Yola South LGA remains compromised, and water resources continue to be wasted. Addressing these issues through the implementation of an IoT-based system is critical for optimizing water use, enhancing crop yields, and promoting sustainable farming practices (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based smart irrigation water control system for real-time monitoring and adjustment.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in conserving water and improving crop yields.
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To recommend integration strategies for adopting the system within existing farming practices.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based system in monitoring soil moisture and environmental conditions in real time?
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What improvements in water conservation and crop productivity are observed after implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with traditional farming practices to optimize irrigation?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it presents a sustainable, technology-driven solution to optimize irrigation practices in agriculture. By utilizing IoT-based water control, the system ensures precise water usage, enhances crop yields, and reduces resource wastage, thereby contributing to the long-term sustainability and profitability of farms in Yola South LGA.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the design and implementation of an IoT-based smart irrigation water control system in Yola South LGA, Adamawa State. It does not extend to other irrigation systems or regions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that share real-time environmental data.
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Smart Irrigation: The automated control of water delivery based on sensor data.
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Precision Agriculture: The use of technology to optimize farming practices based on real-time information.
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